15,596 research outputs found
Estimating the Propagation of Interdependent Cascading Outages with Multi-Type Branching Processes
In this paper, the multi-type branching process is applied to describe the
statistics and interdependencies of line outages, the load shed, and isolated
buses. The offspring mean matrix of the multi-type branching process is
estimated by the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm and can quantify the
extent of outage propagation. The joint distribution of two types of outages is
estimated by the multi-type branching process via the Lagrange-Good inversion.
The proposed model is tested with data generated by the AC OPA cascading
simulations on the IEEE 118-bus system. The largest eigenvalues of the
offspring mean matrix indicate that the system is closer to criticality when
considering the interdependence of different types of outages. Compared with
empirically estimating the joint distribution of the total outages, good
estimate is obtained by using the multitype branching process with a much
smaller number of cascades, thus greatly improving the efficiency. It is shown
that the multitype branching process can effectively predict the distribution
of the load shed and isolated buses and their conditional largest possible
total outages even when there are no data of them.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Power System
Simultaneously continuous retraction and Bishop-Phelps-Bollob\'as type theorem
We study the existence of a retraction from the dual space of a (real
or complex) Banach space onto its unit ball which is uniformly
continuous in norm topology and continuous in weak- topology. Such a
retraction is called a uniformly simultaneously continuous retraction.
It is shown that if has a normalized unconditional Schauder basis with
unconditional basis constant 1 and is uniformly monotone, then a
uniformly simultaneously continuous retraction from onto
exists. It is also shown that if is a family of separable Banach
spaces whose duals are uniformly convex with moduli of convexity
such that and or
for , then a uniformly simultaneously continuous retraction
exists from onto .
The relation between the existence of a uniformly simultaneously continuous
retraction and the Bishsop-Phelps-Bollob\'as property for operators is
investigated and it is proved that the existence of a uniformly simultaneously
continuous retraction from onto its unit ball implies that a pair has the Bishop-Phelps-Bollob\'as property for every locally compact
Hausdorff spaces . As a corollary, we prove that has the
Bishop-Phelps-Bollob\'as property if and are the spaces of
all real-valued continuous functions vanishing at infinity on locally compact
metric space and locally compact Hausdorff space respectively.Comment: 15 page
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